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Cinchy DML statements

Overview​

Use Data Manipulation Language (DML) to add, retrieve, update and manipulate data. The Cinchy DML statements covered on this page are:

Considerations​

  • If a query contains INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements and one of them fails, the other statements will also be rolled back (as the whole query is treated as a single transaction).
    • Note that the above does not apply to DDL statements like TRUNCATE; these cannot be rolled back and will still be executed if they are part of a query.

SELECT​

Use the SELECT statement to select data from a database. The data returned is stored in a result table, called the result set.

Syntax​

SELECT [Column1],[Column2], ...
FROM [Domain].[Table_Name]

Example​

The below example will return the Full Name, Email, and Start Date columns from the [Employee] table in the [HR] domain.

SELECT [Full Name], [Email Address], [Start Date]
FROM [HR].[Employee]

Produce a nested JSON​

You can create a query that will produce a nested JSON by wrapping it in an outer SELECT statement, such as in the example below, which uses FOR JSON PATH

caution

Note that you should set the return type to Single Value (First Column of First Row).

Example​

SELECT (
SELECT
(SELECT p1.[Parent A],p1.[Parent B]
FROM [QA].[Parents 5080] p1 WHERE p1.[Parents]=p.[Parents]
FOR JSON PATH) As Parents,
(SELECT c.[Name] AS [Child Name]
FROM [QA].[Children 5080] c
WHERE c.[Deleted] IS NULL AND c.[Parents]= p.[Parents]
FOR JSON PATH) AS Children
FROM [QA].[Parents 5080] p
WHERE p.[Deleted] IS NULL
FOR JSON PATH, INCLUDE_NULL_VALUES)

Output​

[
  {
    "Parents": [{ "Parent A": "Tom", "Parent B": "Maria" }],
    "Children": [
      { "Child Name": "John" },
      { "Child Name": "Theodor" },
      { "Child Name": "Lynette" }
    ]
  },
  {
    "Parents": [{ "Parent A": "Ray", "Parent B": "Sofia" }],
    "Children": [{ "Child Name": "Stephen" }]
  },
  {
    "Parents": [{ "Parent A": "Greg", "Parent B": "Mona" }],
    "Children": [{ "Child Name": "Elizabeth" }, { "Child Name": "Martin" }]
  },
  {
    "Parents": [{ "Parent A": "Henry", "Parent B": "Susanne" }],
    "Children": null
  }
]

INSERT​

Use an INSERT statement to add new rows to a table or view. You can also include a SELECT statement to identify that another table or view contains the data for the new row or rows.

INSERT INTO [Domain].[Table_Name] ([Column1],[Column2],[Column3], ...)
VALUES ([Value1],[Value2],[Value3], ...)

Example​

The below example allows you to insert First Name, Last Name, Address, and Job Title variables into their respective columns within the [People] table.

INSERT INTO [Contacts].[People] ([First Name],[Last Name],[Address],[Job Title])
VALUES (@firstname, @lastname, @address, @jobtitle)

UPDATE​

Use the UPDATE statement to change the data in a table. The UPDATE statement modifies zero or more rows of a table, depending on how many rows meet the search condition specified in the WHERE clause. You can also use an UPDATE statement to specify the values to be updated in a single row. To do this, specify the constants, host variables, expressions, DEFAULT, or NULL. Specify NULL to remove a value from a row's column (without removing the row).

Syntax​

UPDATE [Domain].[Table_Name]
SET [Column1] = [Value1], [Column2] = [value2], ...
WHERE [condition]

Example​

The below example updates the [Customers] table such that the Contact Name and City are updated within the row with the matching Customer ID.

UPDATE [Revenue].[Customers]
SET [ContactName] = 'Alfred Schmidt', [City]= 'Frankfurt'
WHERE [Customer_ID] = 1;

DELETE​

Use the DELETE statement to remove entire rows from a table. The number of rows deleted depends on how many rows match the search condition specified in the WHERE statement.

Syntax​

DELETE FROM [Domain].[Table_Name] WHERE [condition]

Example​

The below example deletes any row(s) in the [Customers] table where the Customer Name column is "Alfreds Futterkiste".

DELETE FROM [Revenue].[Customers] WHERE [CustomerName] = 'Alfreds Futterkiste';

IF​

Use the IF statement to execute a condition. If the condition is satisfied, then the Boolean expressions returns TRUE value. The optional ELSE keyword introduces another statement that executes when the IF condition isn't satisfied and returns FALSE value.

Syntax​

IF [condition] THEN [value_if_true] ELSE [value_if_false]

Example​

IF 500<1000 THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO'

DECLARE​

Use the DECLARE statement to declare a variable.

Syntax​

DECLARE @variable_name variable_type;

Example​

DECLARE @var varchar(50);

SET​

Use the SET variable to assign a value to a variable.

Syntax​

SET @variable_name = variable_value

Example​

SET @var = 'Alfreds Futterkiste'